System curves
Most systems have a combination of static and friction head and the system curves for two cases are shown in Figures 2.4 and 2.5. The ratio of static to friction head over the operating range influences the benefits achievable from variable speed drives (see Section 4.2.2.2) Static head is a characteristic of the specific installation and reducing
this head, where this is possible, generally helps both the cost of the installation and the cost of pumping the liquid. Friction head losses must be minimized to reduce pumping cost, but after eliminating unnecessary pipe fittings and length, further reduction in friction head will require larger diameter pipes, which adds to installation cost.
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INTRODUCTION TO THERMAL-FLUID SCIENCES