System curves
Most systems have a combination of static and friction head and the system curves for two cases are shown in Figures 2.4 and 2.5. The ratio of static to friction head over the operating range influences the benefits achievable from variable speed drives (see Section 4.2.2.2) Static head is a characteristic of the specific installation and reducing
this head, where this is possible, generally helps both the cost of the installation and the cost of pumping the liquid. Friction head losses must be minimized to reduce pumping cost, but after eliminating unnecessary pipe fittings and length, further reduction in friction head will require larger diameter pipes, which adds to installation cost.
Related posts:
Steam sterilization and Validation
Compressed Air Transmission and Treatment:Carbon dioxide
Energy and Efficiency:Theory of two level systems
System selection considerations:System economics and Material considerations
Multiple use systems:Multiple material handling and Air supply control.
Review of pneumatic conveying systems:Staged systems and Dual vacuum and positive pressure systems.
Pipeline scaling parameters:Pipeline bends
Conveying characteristics:Conveying characteristics and Conveying mode.
Cleanliness.
Fundamental Principles:Pressure measurement
Fundamental Principles:temperature
Hydraulic Pumps and Pressure Regulation:Pump types
ENERGY TRANSFER BY HEAT,WORK,AND MASS:MECHANICAL FORMS OF WORK
POWER AND REFRIGER A TION CYCLES:THE IDEAL VAPOR-COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION CYCLE
NATURAL CONVECTION:NATURAL CONVECTION OVER SURFACES