Microprogrammed Control Unit Design As mentioned earlier, a microprogramm d contwl unit contains programs written using microinstructions. These programs are stored in a control memory normally in a ROM inside the CPU. To execute instructions, the microprocessor reads (fetches) each instruction into the instruction register from external memory. The control unit translates the instruction for […]
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Posts by Farahat
Alu design , design of the control unit , basic concepts and hardwired control design
7.3.4 ALU Design Functionally, an ALU can be divided up into two segments: the arithmetic unit and the logic unit. The arithmetic unit performs typical arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, and increment or decrement by 1. Usually, the operands involved may be signed or unsigned integers. In some cases, however, an arithmetic unit must […]
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Design of computer instruction set and the cpu : desi n of the cpu ,register design and adders
7.1 Desi n of the CPU The CPU contains three elements: registers, the ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit), and the control unit. These topics are discussed next. Verilog and VHDL descriptions along with simulation results of a typical CPU are provided in Appendices I and J respectively. 7.3.1 Register Design The concept of general-purpose and flag […]
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Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division of unsigned and signed numbers
7.3.3 Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division of unsigned and signed numbers The procedure for addition and subtraction of two’s complement signed binary numbers is straightforward. The procedure for adding unsigned numbers is discussed in Chapter 2. Also, addition of two 2’s complement signed numbers was included in Chapter 2. Note that binary numbers represented in […]
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DESIGN OF COMPUTER INSTRUCTION SET ANDTHECPU: Design of the Computer Instructions and Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC)
DESIGN OF COMPUTER INSTRUCTION SET ANDTHECPU This chapter describes the design of the instruction set and the central processor unit (CPU). Topics include op-code encoding, design of typical microprocessor registers, the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), and the control unit. 7.1 Design of the Computer Instructions A program consists of a sequence of instructions. An instruction […]
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Monitors , Flowcharts , Basic Features of Microcomputer Development Systems , System Development Flowchart , QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS
6.7 Monitors A monitor consists of a number of subroutines grouped together to provide "intelligence" to a microcomputer system. This intelligence gives the microcomputer with the capabilities for software development of user programs such as assembling and debugging. The monitor is typically offered by the microprocessor manufacturers and others in a ROM or CD memory. […]
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Microcomputer Programming Concepts: Microcomputer Programming Languages , Machine Language , Assembly Language and High-Level Languages
6.6 Microcomputer Programming Concepts This section includes the fundamental concepts of microcomputer programming. Typical programming characteristics such as programming languages, microprocessor instruction sets, addressing modes, and instruction formats are discussed. 6.6.1 Microcomputer Programming Languages Microcomputers are typically programmed using semi-English-language statements (assembly language). In addition to assembly languages, microcomputers use a more understandable human-oriented language […]
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The memory and input/output
6.4 The Memory The main or external memory (or simply the memory) stores both instructions and data. For 8-bit microprocessors, the memory is divided into a number of 8-bit units called "memory words." An 8-bit unit of data is termed a "byte." Therefore, for an 8-bit microprocessor, "memory word" and "memory byte" mean the same […]
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Basic blocks of a microcomputer , typical microcomputer architecture and the single-chip microprocessor
6.1 Basic Blocks of a Microcomputer A microcomputer has three basic blocks: a central processing unit (CPU), a memory unit, and an input/output unit. The CPU executes all the instructions and performs arithmetic and logic operations on data. The CPU of the microcomputer is called the "microprocessor." The microprocessor is typically a single VLSI (Very […]
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Optical Storage Systems: Introduction,The Optical Head ,The Servosystem, Optical Recording and Read Channel , Phase-Change Recording , Worm Technology , Magneto-Optic Technology , Compact Disk-Recordable (CD-R) , Recording Modes of CD-R , Optical Disk Systems , Disks , Automated Optical Storage Systems , Future ,Technology and Improvements in Optical Storage
Optical Storage Systems Introduction Recordable optical disk drive technology provides a well-matched solution to the increasing demands for removable storage. An optical disk drive provides, in a sense, infinite storage capabilities: Extra storage space is easily acquired by using additional media cartridges (which are relatively inexpensive). Such cost effective storage capabilities are welcome in storage-intensive […]
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