Law of Mass Action
In equilibrium at constant pressure and temperature, the Gibbs free energy assumes a minimum, G (T, p, nα) −→ min. In a chemical reaction, the mole numbers nα are related by stoichiometry. From the mole balance (23.8) fol- lows
Law of Mass Action for Ideal Mixtures and Ideal Gases
For ideal mixtures the chemical potential is given by R¯T ln Xα, and the law of mass action gives
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