summary Of alternating Current

summary

● AC is the most commonly used type of electricity.

● AC consists of current flowing in one direction and then reversing and flowing in the opposite direction.

● One revolution of an AC generator is called a cycle.

● The two halves of a cycle are referred to as alternations.

● Two complete alternations with no reference to time make up a cycle.

● One cycle per second is defined as a hertz.

● The waveform produced by an AC generator is called a sinusoidal waveform or sine wave.

● The peak value of a sine wave is the absolute value of the point on the waveform with the greatest amplitude.

● The peak-to-peak value is the vertical distance from one peak to the other peak.

● The effective value of AC is the amount of current that produces the same degree of heat in a given resistance as an equal amount of direct current.

● The mathematical process called the root-mean square (rms) process can be used to determine the effective value.

● The rms value of a sine wave is equal to 0.707 times the peak value.

● The time required to complete one cycle of a sine wave is called the period (t).

● The number of cycles occurring in a specific period of time is called frequency (f).

● The relationship between frequency and period is:

● Square waves are composed of the fundamental

frequency and all odd harmonics.

● Triangular waveforms are composed of the funda- mental frequency and all odd harmonics 180º out of phase with the fundamental frequency.

● Sawtooth waveforms are composed of both even and odd harmonics, the even harmonics being 180º out of phase with the odd harmonics.

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