Recurrent Neural Networks In contrast to feed forward neural networks, with recurrent networks neuron outputs can be connected with their inputs. Thus, signals in the network can continuously circulate. Until recently, only a limited number of recurrent neural networks were described. Hopfield Network The single-layer recurrent network was analyzed by Hopfield (1982). This network, shown […]
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Posts by Farahat
Learning Algorithms for Neural Networks : Hebbian Learning Rule , Correlation Learning Rule , Instar Learning Rule , Winner Takes All (WTA) , Out star Learning Rule , Widrow-Hoff LMS Learning Rule , Linear Regression , Delta Learning Rule , Error Backpropagation Learning , Special Feed forward Networks , Functional Link Network , Feed forward Version of the Counterpropagation Network and Cascade Correlation Architecture .
Learning Algorithms for Neural Networks Similarly to the biological neurons, the weights in artificial neurons are adjusted during a training procedure. Various learning algorithms were developed, and only a few are suitable for multilayer neuron networks. Some use only local signals in the neurons, others require information from outputs; some require a supervisor who knows […]
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Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems , Neuron cell and Feedforward Neural Networks.
Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems New and better electronic devices have inspired researchers to build intelligent machines operating in a fashion similar to the human nervous system. Fascination with this goal started when McCulloch and Pitts (1943) developed their model of an elementary computing neuron and when Hebb (1949) introduced his learning rules. A decade […]
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Process , Select the Right Paradigm and then Automate and Defining Terms .
Process Derived from the combination of steps taken to solve the problems of traditional systems engineering and software development, each DBTF system is defined with built-in quality, built-in productivity and built-in control (like the biological superorganism). The process combines mathematical perfection with engineering precision. Its purpose is to facilitate the “doing things right in the […]
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Apollo On-Board Flight Software Effort: Lessons Learned , Development Before the Fact and Development Before the Fact Theory .
Apollo On-Board Flight Software Effort: Lessons Learned The original purpose of the empirical study, which had its beginnings in 1968, was to learn from Apollo’ s flight software and its development in order to make use of this effort for future Apollo missions as well as for the then up and coming Skylab and Shuttle […]
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The Nature of Software Engineering , A New Approach .
The Nature of Software Engineering Engineers often use the term systems engineering to refer to the tasks of specifying, designing, and simulating a non-software system such as a bridge or electronic component. Although software may be used for simulation purposes, it is but one part of the systems engineering process. Software engineering, on the other […]
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Multiple Processor Systems , Memory Hierarchy , Implementation Considerations , Packaging Considerations , Technology Considerations , Wafer Scale Integration (WSI) and Multichip Modules (MCMs) .
Multiple Processor Systems Parallelism can be introduced into a computer system at several levels. Probably the simplest level is to have multiple processors in the system. If parallelism is to be incorporated at the processor level, usually one of the following structures is used: SIMD, MIMD, or multicomputers. A SIMD structure allows several data streams […]
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Software Design and Development : Introduction and The Notion of Software .
Software Design and Development Introduction A computer system can be neatly compared with a biological entity called a superorganism. Composed of software, hardware, peopleware and their interconnectivity (such as the internet), and requiring all to survive, the silicon superorganism is itself a part of a larger superorganism, for example, the business. It could be a […]
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Power Control and Switching : Introduction , Electric Power Distribution and Pulsed Power .
Power Control and Switching Introduction Control of electric power, or power conditioning, requires the conversion of electric power from one form to another, that is, DC to AC, one voltage level to another, and so on, by the switching characteristics of various electronic power devices. Some of these devices, such as silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs), […]
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Fundamental Architecture : Introduction , Defining a Computer Architecture and Single Processor Systems .
Fundamental Architecture Introduction The design space for computer architectures is fairly diverse and complicated. Each new architecture strives to fulfill a different set of goals and to carve out a niche in the computer world. A system can be composed of one or several processors. Many concepts apply to both multiple processor and sin- gle […]
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