SYSTEM MODELLING:ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

The basic building blocks of electrical systems are the resistor, inductor and capacitor (Fig- ure 2.13). The input to an electrical system may be the voltage, V , and current, i .

The relationship between the voltage across a resistor and the current through it is given by

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The potential difference across a capacitor depends on the charge the plates hold, and is given by

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Electrical circuits are modelled using Kirchhoff’s laws. There are two laws: Kirchhoff’s current law and Kirchhoff’s voltage law. To apply these laws effectively, a sign convention should be employed.

Kirchhoff’s current law The sum of the currents at a node in a circuit is zero, i.e. the total current flowing into any junction in a circuit is equal to the total current leaving the junction.

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