CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM (CNS) EFFECTS
Inhalation of concentrated fluorocarbon vapors can lead to CNS effects comparable to the effects of general anesthesia. The first symptom is a feeling of intoxication. This is followed by a loss of coordination and un- consciousness. Under severe conditions, death can result. If these symptoms are felt, the exposed individual should immediately go or be moved to fresh air. Medical attention should be sought promptly. Individuals exposed to fluorocarbons should NOT be treated with adrenaline (epinephrine).
CARDIAC SENSITIZATION
Fluorocarbons can, in sufficient vapor concentration, produce cardiac sensitization. This is a sensitization of the heart to adrenaline brought about by exposure to high concentrations of organic vapors. Under severe exposure, cardiac arrhythmias may result from sensitization of the heart to the body’s own levels of adrenaline. This is particularly so under conditions of emotional or physical stress, fright, panic, and so forth. Such cardiac arrhythmias may result in ventricular fibrillation and death. Exposed individuals should immediately go or be removed to fresh air, where the hazard of cardiac effects will rapidly decrease. Prompt medical attention and observation should be provided following accidental exposures. A worker adversely affected by fluorocarbon vapors should NOT be treated with adrenaline (epinephrine) or similar heart stimulants, since these would increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmias.
THERMAL DECOMPOSITION
Fluorocarbons decompose when exposed directly to high temperatures. Flames and electrical-resistance heaters, for example, will chemically decompose fluorocarbon vapors. Products of this decomposition in air include halogens and halogen acids (hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, and hydrobromic), as well as other irritating
compounds. Although much more toxic than the parent fluorocarbon, these decomposition products tend to irritate the nose, eyes, and upper-respiratory system. This provides a warning of their presence. The practical hazard is relatively slight. It is difficult for a person to remain voluntarily in the presence of’ decomposition products at concentrations where physiological damage occurs.
When such irritating decomposition products are detected, the area should be evacuated and ventilated. The source of the problem should be corrected.