summary of Fundamentals of Electricity

summary

● Matter is anything that occupies space.

● Matter can be an element or compound.

● An element is the basic building block of nature.

● A compound is a chemical combination of two or more elements.

● A molecule is the smallest unit of a compound that retains the properties of the compound.

● An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains the structure of the element.

● An atom consists of a nucleus, which contains protons and neutrons. It also has one or more electrons that orbit around the nucleus.

● Protons have a positive charge, electrons have a negative charge, and neutrons have no charge.

● The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus.

● The atomic weight of an atom is the sum of protons and neutrons.

● The orbits of the electrons are called shells.

● The outer shell of an atom is called the valence shell.

● The number of electrons in the valence shell is called the valence.

● An atom that has the same number of protons as electrons is electrically balanced.

● The process by which atoms gain or lose electrons is called ionization.

● The flow of electrons is called current.

● Current is represented by the symbol I.

● The charge of 6,240,000,000,000,000,000 (or 6.2431018) electrons is called a coulomb.

● An ampere of current is measured when 1 coulomb of charge moves past a given point in 1 second.

● Ampere is represented by the symbol A.

● Current is measured in amperes.

● An electric current flows through a conductor when there is an excess of electrons at one end and a deficiency at the other end.

● A source that supplies excess electrons represents a potential or electromotive force.

● The potential or electromotive force is referred to as voltage.

● Voltage is the force that moves electrons in a circuit.

● The symbol E is used to represent voltage.

● A volt (V) is the unit for measuring voltage.

● Resistance is the opposition to current flow.

● Resistance is represented by the symbol R.

● All materials offer some resistance to current flow.

● The resistance of a material is dependent on the material’s size, shape, and temperature.

● Conductors are materials with low resistance.

● Insulators are materials with high resistance.

● Resistance is measured in ohms.

● The Greek letter omega (Ω) is used to represent ohms.

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