{"id":937,"date":"2015-10-27T09:00:59","date_gmt":"2015-10-27T09:00:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/?p=937"},"modified":"2015-10-27T09:00:59","modified_gmt":"2015-10-27T09:00:59","slug":"process-control-pneumaticsthe-air-relay-and-the-force-balance-principle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/process-control-pneumaticsthe-air-relay-and-the-force-balance-principle\/","title":{"rendered":"Process Control Pneumatics:the air relay and the force balance Principle"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"xdifb6a0dbe5e5ad24\" ><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\tatOptions = {\n\t\t'key' : '61e5902552e2353963d8d2f1bd1f4a8f',\n\t\t'format' : 'iframe',\n\t\t'height' : 250,\n\t\t'width' : 300,\n\t\t'params' : {}\n\t};\n<\/script>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"\/\/www.highperformanceformat.com\/61e5902552e2353963d8d2f1bd1f4a8f\/invoke.js\"><\/script><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 1201px) {\r\n.xdifb6a0dbe5e5ad24 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 993px) and (max-width: 1200px) {\r\n.xdifb6a0dbe5e5ad24 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 992px) {\r\n.xdifb6a0dbe5e5ad24 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 768px) {\r\n.xdifb6a0dbe5e5ad24 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {\r\n.xdifb6a0dbe5e5ad24 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n<h4 align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\"><font style=\"font-weight: bold\">the air relay and the force balance Principle<\/font><\/font><\/h4>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">Air amplifiers balance input pressure and output pressure. An air relay, on the other hand (illustrated in Figure 7.5), balances input pressure with the force from a range spring. An increasing input signal causes air to pass from the supply to the load, while a decreasing input signal causes air to vent from the load. In the center of the input signal range, there is no net flow to or from the output port.<\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\"><a href=\"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Process-Control-Pneumatics-0155.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px\" title=\"Process Control Pneumatics-0155\" border=\"0\" alt=\"Process Control Pneumatics-0155\" src=\"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Process-Control-Pneumatics-0155_thumb.jpg\" width=\"362\" height=\"266\"><\/a><\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\"><a href=\"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Process-Control-Pneumatics-0156.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px\" title=\"Process Control Pneumatics-0156\" border=\"0\" alt=\"Process Control Pneumatics-0156\" src=\"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Process-Control-Pneumatics-0156_thumb.jpg\" width=\"384\" height=\"293\"><\/a><\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">An air relay is used to linearize a flapper-nozzle, as shown in Figure 7.6. Here, force from the imbalance in input pressures P1 and P2 is matched exactly by the force from the feedback bellows whose pressure is regulated by the air relay.<\/font> <\/p><div class=\"qijic6a0dbe5e5ae59\" ><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\tatOptions = {\n\t\t'key' : '0c1eb4c533eaedb7b996f49a5a4983a9',\n\t\t'format' : 'iframe',\n\t\t'height' : 300,\n\t\t'width' : 160,\n\t\t'params' : {}\n\t};\n<\/script>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"\/\/www.highperformanceformat.com\/0c1eb4c533eaedb7b996f49a5a4983a9\/invoke.js\"><\/script><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 1201px) {\r\n.qijic6a0dbe5e5ae59 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 993px) and (max-width: 1200px) {\r\n.qijic6a0dbe5e5ae59 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 992px) {\r\n.qijic6a0dbe5e5ae59 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 768px) {\r\n.qijic6a0dbe5e5ae59 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {\r\n.qijic6a0dbe5e5ae59 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n<div class=\"forqx6a0dbe5e5adbb\" ><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0778475562755157\"\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\n<!-- 300x600 hydraulics-and-pneumatics -->\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:inline-block;width:300px;height:600px\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0778475562755157\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"3735577695\"><\/ins>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 1201px) {\r\n.forqx6a0dbe5e5adbb {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 993px) and (max-width: 1200px) {\r\n.forqx6a0dbe5e5adbb {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 992px) {\r\n.forqx6a0dbe5e5adbb {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 768px) {\r\n.forqx6a0dbe5e5adbb {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {\r\n.forqx6a0dbe5e5adbb {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">Suppose flow in the pipe increases, causing pressure difference P1 \ue032 P2 to <\/font><font size=\"5\">increase. Increased force from the bellows at the top decreases the flapper gap <\/font><font size=\"5\">causing pressure at the air relay input to rise. This causes air to pass to the feed- back bellows, which apply a force opposite to that from the signal bellows.<\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">The system balances when the input pressure from the flapper-nozzle to the air relay (point A) is at the center of its range, at which point the air relay neither passes air nor vents the feedback bellows. This corresponds to a fixed flapper-nozzle gap.<\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">Figure 7.6 thus illustrates an example of a feedback system where the pressure in the feedback bellows is adjusted by the air relay to maintain a constant flapper- nozzle gap. The force from the feedback bellows thus matches the force from the <\/font><font size=\"5\">input signal bellows, and output pressure is directly proportional to (P1 \ue032 P2). The <\/font><font size=\"5\">output pressure, driven directly from the air relay, can deliver a large air volume.<\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">The arrangement in Figure 7.6 effectively operates with a fixed flapper-nozzle gap. This overcomes the inherent non-linearity of the flapper-nozzle. It is known as the force balance principle and is the basis of most pneumatic process control devices.<\/font><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>the air relay and the force balance Principle Air amplifiers balance input pressure and output pressure. An air relay, on the other hand (illustrated in Figure 7.5), balances input pressure with the force from a range spring. An increasing input signal causes air to pass from the supply to the load, while a decreasing input [&hellip;]<br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/process-control-pneumaticsthe-air-relay-and-the-force-balance-principle\/\" class=\"more-link\" >Continue reading&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/937"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=937"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/937\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":938,"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/937\/revisions\/938"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=937"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=937"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=937"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}