{"id":84,"date":"2015-10-06T16:57:00","date_gmt":"2015-10-06T16:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/uncategorized\/compressed-air-transmission-and-treatmentcommissioning-and-safety\/"},"modified":"2015-10-06T16:57:00","modified_gmt":"2015-10-06T16:57:00","slug":"compressed-air-transmission-and-treatmentcommissioning-and-safety","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/compressed-air-transmission-and-treatmentcommissioning-and-safety\/","title":{"rendered":"Compressed Air Transmission and Treatment:Commissioning and safety"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"adfby6a0dce13b5800\" ><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\tatOptions = {\n\t\t'key' : '61e5902552e2353963d8d2f1bd1f4a8f',\n\t\t'format' : 'iframe',\n\t\t'height' : 250,\n\t\t'width' : 300,\n\t\t'params' : {}\n\t};\n<\/script>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"\/\/www.highperformanceformat.com\/61e5902552e2353963d8d2f1bd1f4a8f\/invoke.js\"><\/script><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 1201px) {\r\n.adfby6a0dce13b5800 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 993px) and (max-width: 1200px) {\r\n.adfby6a0dce13b5800 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 992px) {\r\n.adfby6a0dce13b5800 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 768px) {\r\n.adfby6a0dce13b5800 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {\r\n.adfby6a0dce13b5800 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n<h3 align=\"justify\">Commissioning and safety<\/h3>\n<h5 align=\"justify\">Pressure testing of the system<\/h5>\n<p align=\"justify\">After the installation of the main and branch lines and immediately before connection of the compressor, the whole system should be subjected to a hydraulic test (making sure that the water has an added anti-corrosion agent) to 1.5 times the working air pressure, and all leaks remedied. The date of the test should be recorded and attached to the pipe system where it connects to the air receiver. This test should be repeated, for convenience at the time the air receiver is similarly checked, and when substantial changes are made to the layout of the system. After test, the whole system must be thoroughly blown out with low pressure air. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">The reader is referred to the BCAS publication &#8220;Guide to the selection and install&shy;ation of compressed air services&#8221; which gives useful information and data. It should be used to complement the information in this chapter. There are also a number of publications of the Health and Safety Executive which give information specific to industries using compressed air. A list of these and other safety publications are given at the end of the chapter. <\/p>\n<h5 align=\"justify\">General safety guidelines<\/h5>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Compressed air can be dangerous unless straightforward precautions are taken. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">These are mostly common sense, but nonetheless worth listing. In a place where compressed air is used, consideration should be given to placing these or similar guidelines in a prominent place. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Only approved pressure vessels built to the correct standards should be used. Refer to the chapter on Air Receivers. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 It is essential that a non-return valve and shut-off valve are fitted into the delivery line when the compressor is to be coupled in parallel with another compressor or connected to an existing air supply system; in such cases a safety valve must be provided upstream of the valve, unless one is already fitted to the compressor.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Distribution pipework and hoses must be of the correct size and be suitable for the expected maximum working pressure. The tightness of compression fittings must be checked regularly.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Do not use frayed or deteriorated hoses; always store hoses properly and away from heat sources or direct sunlight. A hose failure can cause serious injury.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Use only the correct type and size of hose end fittings and connections; use only clamps or robust construction made specially for compressed air and rated at the maximum pressure in the system. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Use eye protection if using compressed air for cleaning down equipment. Do so with extreme caution. Take care never to blow dirt at people or into machinery. Always use a blow gun never an open hose. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 When blowing through a hose or airline, ensure that the open end is held securely; a free end will whipandcauseinjury; open the supply cock carefully and ensure that any ejected particles will be restrained. A blocked hose can become a compressed air gun.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Never apply compressed air to the skin or direct it at a person; even air at a pressure of 1 bar can cause injury. Never use compressed air to clean clothing. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Do not use air directly from a compressor for breathing purposes, unless the system has been specifically designed for such a purpose and breathing air filters and regulators are fitted- see chapter on Breathing Air Filtration.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h6 align=\"justify\">Precautions during commissioning<\/h6>\n<p align=\"justify\">Before installing air line filters, pressure regulators and lubricators, low pressure air should be blown through the system to remove any foreign matter. <\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Before removing any blanking flanges and plates from the compressor, it is important to make sure that the pressure in the compressor is released.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">If an isolating or non-return valve is fitted into the compressor discharge, it is essential to check that an adequate safety valve is fitted between this valve and the compressor and that the isolating valve is open. <\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Before starting up the compressor plant it is essential to carry out the instructions issued by the supplier in respect of the initial charge of lubricating oil (if any) , the setting of the lubricator feed (if a force feed lubricator is used), and the cooling water supply (if applicable).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">Before starting any machinery, all protective guards should be in position and secure. <\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 On the initial start, the directions of rotation of the compressor must be checked; severe damage may be caused if the compressor is allowed to turn in the wrong direction.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Before connecting any equipment to an airline lubricator, the pipe or hose should be allowed to discharge freely to atmosphere until visible traces of lubricant are obtained; then equipment can be connected and the lubricator adjustment set. Initially, oil from the lubricator does little more than line the pipes.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 During the first few hours of operation, the performance of the plant should be monitored carefully, in particular the operation of any automatic drains from the intercoolers and aftercoolers.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 align=\"justify\">Precautions during running<\/h4>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 It is always good practice to keep a log of oil consumption, temperature and pressure, interstage and final temperatures and pressures and water inlet and outlet temperatures, so that any deviation from normal running may be noticed quickly. When an abnormality is noticed, the compressor must be stopped and the matter investigated. Power consumption should also be recorded.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Suppliers&#8217; recommendations regarding filters and elements should be observed during and after the initial running-in period.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 The system should be checked regularly for leaks (see the chapter on Compressed Air Distribution).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Never operate any part of a compressed air system &#8211; compressor, pipework or pneumatic appliance- at a higher pressure than for which it was designed or rated. If any equipment has a design pressure less than the maximum output pressure of the compressor, it shall be protected by suitable fail-safe means against over pressure.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Shut off the adjacent upstream isolating valve and release the air pressure before disconnecting a hose or line, unless there is an automatic valve to give protection at the upstream joint.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 align=\"justify\">Precautions during operation<\/h4>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Keep doors shut on silenced plant. On other plant, check whether it should be run with doors open or shut. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Check that all pressures and temperatures are correct; refer to the operating instructions. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Stop the plant if warning lights show or if gauges register outside the normal limits; untrained personnel must not attempt adjustments. Call in a plant fitter to investi&shy; gate.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Do not make adjustments inside the canopy when the machine is running, unless appropriate precautions are taken. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Do not remove guards. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Do not use the machine in a fire hazard area unless it is suitably designed; do not operate in the vicinity of toxic fumes. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Ensure that all pneumatic control equipment and air line accessories are operated below the maximum rated pressure and temperature.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 align=\"justify\">Precautions during maintenance and overhaul<\/h4>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Ensure that all air pressure is completely released from the system and that it is isolated from any other air systems. In multi-compressor installations, repairs to any of the compressors shall not be carried out whilst the other compressors are working, without first closing the isolator valve and venting and disconnecting the delivery pipe of the compressor to be repaired.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Ensure that a machine cannot be started inadvertently; isolate the unit and lock the isolator in the safe position; place warning notices on isolator. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Ensure that any door that opens upwards is securely fastened when open, and that no door can slam shut. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">When working on plant: <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Use correct lifting gear of adequate capacity. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Examine condition of lifting gear before lifting plant. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Use correct tools for the job. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 When using a chemical or solvent cleaner, follow the manufacturer&#8217;s instructions.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">Be sure that any fluid used cannot cause any chemical reactions or explosion in combination with high pressure. Do not use halogenated hydrocarbons on equip&shy; ment where aluminium or galvanised parts come into contact with solvent or coating material. Trichloroethane and methylene chloride react violently with such parts, causing corrosion and very high pressures if entrapped. <\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Do not weld or perform any other operation involving heat near the electric or oil systems. Oil and fuel systems must be purged completely, for example by steam cleaning before any welding repairs are carried out.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Do not weld or in any way modify any pressure vessel.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 align=\"justify\">Precautions before clearing the machines for use<\/h4>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Check that the sump is filled with the correct grade of oil. Before using synthetic lubricants ensure that they comply with the compressors manufacturer&#8217;s instruc&shy; tions and are compatible with all downstream equipment. The long intervals between oil changes permitted by synthetic lubricant manufacturers may lead to neglect of essential servicing of compressors, including filter changes, unless the maintenance schedule is strictly followed. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 On water cooled units check that the coolant is flowing. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Check direction of rotation. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Check that the operating pressures, temperatures and speed are correct and that the controls and shut down devices work correctly. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Every six months examine the discharge pipe and discharge pulsation damper for carbon deposits; if excessive, the deposits should be removed.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Isolating valves which should be of the self-exhausting type, should be designed for locking in the &#8220;off&#8217; position. When servicing pneumatically-operated machines, Jock the isolating valves so that air pressure cannot be applied inadvertently while the machine is being worked on.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Maintain filters in accordance with the supplier&#8217;s instructions, as a reduction in air pressure caused by choked filter elements could result in a malfunction.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Inspect hoses, flexible lines and plastic pressure-containing components at regular intervals and replace if signs of cracking, crazing, or any form of mechanical damage are evident. If sight glasses or filter bowls are becoming obscured due to internal contamination or scratching, these should be cleaned or replaced.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 align=\"justify\">Portable compressor safety<\/h4>\n<p align=\"justify\">In addition to the general rules listed above, the following apply to portable compressors: <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><i>Towing the compressor<\/i> <\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Check the towbar, braking system and coupling. Check that the wheels are secure that tyres are in good condition and correctly inflated. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Connect lighting cables to towing vehicle if applicable. Check correct operation of lights. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 On two-wheel plant, raise propstand and jockey wheel fully and lock. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Ensure breakaway cable is secured to towing vehicle. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Release the hand brake.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\"><i><strong>Before starting the compressor<\/strong><\/i> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Check that: <\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 The machine is secure with brakes applied and level within 15 degrees. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 The machine is clean internally. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 All air pressure is released from the machine. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 All hoses and tubing are in good condition, secure and not rubbing. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 No fuel or coolant leaks. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 All fasteners are tight. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Oil and coolant levels are correct; top up only with correct oils.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 All electrical leads secure and in good condition. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Fan belt tension correct. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 All guards in place and secure. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Engine exhaust system in good condition, and no combustible material lying on or against it. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Start and stop procedures must be understood and carried out. Before starting close the air discharge cocks. Refer to the operating instructions.<\/p><div class=\"cludm6a0dce13b5b2f\" ><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\tatOptions = {\n\t\t'key' : '0c1eb4c533eaedb7b996f49a5a4983a9',\n\t\t'format' : 'iframe',\n\t\t'height' : 300,\n\t\t'width' : 160,\n\t\t'params' : {}\n\t};\n<\/script>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"\/\/www.highperformanceformat.com\/0c1eb4c533eaedb7b996f49a5a4983a9\/invoke.js\"><\/script><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 1201px) {\r\n.cludm6a0dce13b5b2f {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 993px) and (max-width: 1200px) {\r\n.cludm6a0dce13b5b2f {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 992px) {\r\n.cludm6a0dce13b5b2f {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 768px) {\r\n.cludm6a0dce13b5b2f {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {\r\n.cludm6a0dce13b5b2f {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n<div class=\"svmhm6a0dce13b5996\" ><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0778475562755157\"\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\n<!-- 300x600 hydraulics-and-pneumatics -->\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:inline-block;width:300px;height:600px\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0778475562755157\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"3735577695\"><\/ins>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 1201px) {\r\n.svmhm6a0dce13b5996 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 993px) and (max-width: 1200px) {\r\n.svmhm6a0dce13b5996 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 992px) {\r\n.svmhm6a0dce13b5996 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 768px) {\r\n.svmhm6a0dce13b5996 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {\r\n.svmhm6a0dce13b5996 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\n<\/blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\"><i><strong>During operation<\/strong><\/i> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Do not fill with fuel while the machine is running. Keep fuel away from hot pipes. <\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Ensure that the engine exhaust is freely vented to atmosphere. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Do not remove the oil filler cap or the radiator cap. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Do no adjustments inside the canopy when the machine is running, other than where instructed. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Do not disconnect the battery.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\"><i>After stopping<\/i> <\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Ensure that all air pressure is released from the system. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Allow radiator to cool before removing the radiator cap. Allow engine to cool before adding coolant. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Remove starting key if fitted and close panel doors. <\/p>\n<h4 align=\"justify\">Maintenance and overhaul<\/h4>\n<p align=\"justify\">Before starting work on any machine: <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Ensure that all air pressure is released from the system. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Stand the plant on a level ground. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Apply the brakes. Securely fix propstand and jockey wheel on a two wheeled plant.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Chock wheels securely if jacking-up or if working on the brakes. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Support towbar on a two-wheel plant. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Support axles securely if working underneath or removing a wheel. DO NOT RELY ON JACKS. Support tow bar on a four-wheel plant. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Ensure that the machine cannot be started inadvertently. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Disconnect battery. When working on the plant: <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Use lifting gear of adequate capacity. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Examine the condition of the lifting bale before lifting machine by it.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Use the correct tools for the job. <\/p>\n<h3 align=\"justify\">Maintenance and repair and tools<\/h3>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Disconnect the machine from the air supply before doing any work on it. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 For dismantling, hold the machine tirmly in a vice or fixture. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Use the correct tools for dismantling and assembling. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 When using a solvent or chemical cleaner, follow the manufacturer&#8217;s instructions. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Ensure that any components that require replacement are those recommended by the manufacturer. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Before clearing the machine for use, make sure that it has been assembled correctly with all fasteners correctly tightened.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 align=\"justify\">Use of machines and tools<\/h3>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Use only approved tools. Make sure that the tool shank is the correct size for the machine. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Do not use blunt tools or those which are worn excessively or damaged in any way on the shank or stem. A TOOL WHICH BREAKS IN USE CAN CAUSE SEVERE INJURY. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Do not use frozen tools. In freezing conditions, store tools undercover, preferably in a warm building. Freezing temperatures cam make hardened steels brittle and cause breakage. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Lubricate the machine as instructed. Use an approved lubricant. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Blow through the air supply hose with compressed air before connecting to the machine. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Connect the hose to the machine before turning on the supply. Ensure that the machine controls are in the &#8220;Off&#8217; position. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Position the machine correctly and hold it firmly before operating the controls.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Persons operating, assisting or working near the machine should position them&shy; selves so that they will not be struck or lose their balance if the machine slips or if the drill steel or tool breaks or sticks. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Do not operate the machine from an insecure footing or staging. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Where dust is a hazard in rock drilling, use the appropriate dust suppression methods, either dust collectors in quarrying or wet drilling underground.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 align=\"justify\">Wear ear muffs or plugs when operating noisy equipment. The use of silenced equipment, even to EEC standards is no guarantee that the hearing will not be damaged with continued use.<\/h3>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Noise reduced mufflers fitted to machines lessen the health hazard and reduce environmental noise. Detachable mufflers must be fitted correctly and replaced when damaged. On no account modify the exhaust ports. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 When using vibrating tools continuously and particularly in cold weather, wear suitable protective gloves and keep the hands warm. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Use vibration reduced equipment where available. Avoid holding the tool bit to guide the work without the use of gloves. Do not start work until the hands are warm. These precautions will help to reduce the incidence of vibration induced white fingers (sometimes known as occupational Raynaud&#8217;s disease).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Always turn off the compressed air supply and release the air pressure in the supply hose before changing the tool, removing the oil filler plug or disconnecting the hose. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 When handling lubricants regularly, wear suitable gloves of impervious material. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Clothing contaminated by lubricants should be changed. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Should any lubricant be ingested, seek medical advice immediately. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 When using pneumatic tools, ensure that the area is adequately ventilated. Concen&shy;tration of oil mist in the air can be dangerous. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Do not operate a machine at full power without the drill rod or breaker steel securely retrained in the chuck and the steel or bit in contact with the ground.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 align=\"justify\">Safety publications<\/h3>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 For Safety Regulations on the use and manufacture of pressure vessels refer to the chapter on Air Receivers <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">The following publications should be referred to for detailed advice on safety: <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 The Factories Act 1961. Sections 36 and 37 deal with air receivers and are of particular interest to users of compressed air equipment. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Control of Pollution Act 1974. Section 68 deals with noise from plant and machinery <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. Section 6 deals with the general duties of manufacturers and suppliers of equipment. Under Section 15 of the Act, the Secretary of State may make Health and Safety Regulations and a number of these have already been made, in particular:<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Noise at Work Regulations SI 198911790 <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations SI 1994\/3246. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Protecting Hearing at Work, published by CBI. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">The following books published by Health and Safety Executive and obtainable from HSE Books contain useful material for those involved in the use of pneumatic equipment: <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Safety in pressure testing GS 4. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Safety in the use of abrasive wheels HS(G) 17. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Compressed Air Safety HS(G) 39.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Noise at work HS(G) 56 Noise Guides 1 to 8. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Hand Arm Vibration HS(G) 88, gives useful advice on the purchase of equipment and means of reducing vibration. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 The assessment of pressure vessels operating at low temperature HS(G) 93. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Control of Noise in Quarries HS(G) 109. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Noise from pneumatic systems PM 57. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Occupational exposure limits EH40. To be used with the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations. These limits are updated every year and so the latest issue should be used. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Other miscellaneous publications: <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Compressed Air Safety. Guidelines for the safe use of compressed air in quarries, published by British Quarrying and Slag Federation. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 BS 4575-2 Code of practice for pneumatic equipment and systems.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 BS 6244 Code of Practice for stationary air compressors. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 Recommendations for the Proper Use of Hand-held or Hand-operated Pneumatic Tools. Pneurop Publication, available from BCAS. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u2022 A guide to compressor noise reduction BCAS.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Commissioning and safety Pressure testing of the system After the installation of the main and branch lines and immediately before connection of the compressor, the whole system should be subjected to a hydraulic test (making sure that the water has an added anti-corrosion agent) to 1.5 times the working air pressure, and all leaks remedied. 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