{"id":2560,"date":"2016-03-15T09:50:02","date_gmt":"2016-03-15T09:50:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/?p=2560"},"modified":"2016-03-15T09:50:02","modified_gmt":"2016-03-15T09:50:02","slug":"gas-mixtures-and-psychrometricscomposition-of-a-gas-mixture-mass-and-mole-fractions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/gas-mixtures-and-psychrometricscomposition-of-a-gas-mixture-mass-and-mole-fractions\/","title":{"rendered":"GAS MIXTURES AND PSYCHROMETRICS:COMPOSITION OF A GAS MIXTURE: MASS AND MOLE FRACTIONS"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"yovnv6a0dcd2837bd6\" ><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\tatOptions = {\n\t\t'key' : '61e5902552e2353963d8d2f1bd1f4a8f',\n\t\t'format' : 'iframe',\n\t\t'height' : 250,\n\t\t'width' : 300,\n\t\t'params' : {}\n\t};\n<\/script>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"\/\/www.highperformanceformat.com\/61e5902552e2353963d8d2f1bd1f4a8f\/invoke.js\"><\/script><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 1201px) {\r\n.yovnv6a0dcd2837bd6 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 993px) and (max-width: 1200px) {\r\n.yovnv6a0dcd2837bd6 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 992px) {\r\n.yovnv6a0dcd2837bd6 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 768px) {\r\n.yovnv6a0dcd2837bd6 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {\r\n.yovnv6a0dcd2837bd6 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n<div align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">Up to this point, we have limited our consideration to thermodynamic systems that involve a single pure substance such as water, refrigerant- 134a, or nitrogen. Many important thermodynamic applications, how<\/font><font size=\"5\">ever, involve <i>mixtures <\/i>of several pure substances rather than a single pure substance. Therefore, it is important to develop an understanding of mixtures and learn how to handle them.<\/font><\/div>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">In this chapter, we deal with nonreacting gas mixtures. A nonreacting gas mixture can be treated as a pure substance since it is usually a homogeneous mixture of different gases. The properties of a gas mixture obviously will de- pend on the properties of the individual gases (called <i>components <\/i>or <i>constituents<\/i>) as well as on the amount of each gas in the mixture. Therefore, it is possible to prepare tables of properties for mixtures. This has been done for common mixtures such as air. It is not practical to prepare property tables for every conceivable mixture composition, however, since the number of possible compositions is endless. Therefore, we need to develop rules for deter- mining mixture properties from a knowledge of mixture composition and the properties of the individual components. We do this first for ideal-gas mixtures and then for real-gas mixtures. The basic principles involved are also applicable to liquid or solid mixtures, called <i>solutions.<\/i><\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">At temperatures below the critical temperature, the gas phase of a substance is frequently referred to as a vapor. The term vapor implies a gaseous state that is close to the saturation region of the substance, raising the possibility of condensation during a process.<\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">When we deal with a gas\u2013vapor mixture, the vapor may condense out of the mixture during a process, forming a two-phase mixture. This may complicate the analysis considerably. Therefore, a gas\u2013vapor mixture needs to be treated differently from an ordinary gas mixture.<\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">Several gas\u2013vapor mixtures are encountered in engineering. In this chapter, we consider the <i>air\u2013water-vapor mixture, <\/i>which is the most commonly en- countered gas\u2013vapor mixture in practice. We also discuss <i>air-conditioning, <\/i>which is the primary application area of air\u2013water-vapor mixtures.<\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">\u25a0 <b>COMPOSITIO<\/b><b>N OF A GAS MIXTURE:<\/b><b> <\/b><b>MAS<\/b><b>S AND MOLE FRACTIONS<\/b><\/font> <\/p><div class=\"awuao6a0dcd2837dcf\" ><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\tatOptions = {\n\t\t'key' : '0c1eb4c533eaedb7b996f49a5a4983a9',\n\t\t'format' : 'iframe',\n\t\t'height' : 300,\n\t\t'width' : 160,\n\t\t'params' : {}\n\t};\n<\/script>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"\/\/www.highperformanceformat.com\/0c1eb4c533eaedb7b996f49a5a4983a9\/invoke.js\"><\/script><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 1201px) {\r\n.awuao6a0dcd2837dcf {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 993px) and (max-width: 1200px) {\r\n.awuao6a0dcd2837dcf {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 992px) {\r\n.awuao6a0dcd2837dcf {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 768px) {\r\n.awuao6a0dcd2837dcf {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {\r\n.awuao6a0dcd2837dcf {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n<div class=\"mnbfo6a0dcd2837cca\" ><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0778475562755157\"\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\n<!-- 300x600 hydraulics-and-pneumatics -->\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:inline-block;width:300px;height:600px\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0778475562755157\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"3735577695\"><\/ins>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 1201px) {\r\n.mnbfo6a0dcd2837cca {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 993px) and (max-width: 1200px) {\r\n.mnbfo6a0dcd2837cca {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 992px) {\r\n.mnbfo6a0dcd2837cca {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 768px) {\r\n.mnbfo6a0dcd2837cca {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {\r\n.mnbfo6a0dcd2837cca {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">To determine the properties of a mixture, we need to know the <i>compositio<\/i><i>n <\/i>of the mixture as well as the properties of the individual components. There are two ways to describe the composition of a mixture: either by specifying the number of moles of each component, called <b>mola<\/b><b>r analysis, <\/b>or by specifying <\/font><font size=\"5\">The mass of a mixture is equal to the sum of the masses of its components.<\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">Consider a gas mixture composed of <i>k <\/i>components. The mass of the mixture <i>m<\/i><i>m <\/i>is the sum of the masses of the individual components, and the mole number of the mixture <i>N<\/i><i>m <\/i>is the sum of the mole numbers of the individual components* (Figs. 9\u20131 and 9\u20132). That is,<\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\"><a href=\"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/GAS-MIXTURES-AND-PSYCHROMETRICS-0009.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px\" title=\"GAS MIXTURES AND PSYCHROMETRICS-0009\" border=\"0\" alt=\"GAS MIXTURES AND PSYCHROMETRICS-0009\" src=\"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/GAS-MIXTURES-AND-PSYCHROMETRICS-0009_thumb.jpg\" width=\"157\" height=\"484\"><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/GAS-MIXTURES-AND-PSYCHROMETRICS-0008.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px\" title=\"GAS MIXTURES AND PSYCHROMETRICS-0008\" border=\"0\" alt=\"GAS MIXTURES AND PSYCHROMETRICS-0008\" src=\"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/GAS-MIXTURES-AND-PSYCHROMETRICS-0008_thumb.jpg\" width=\"395\" height=\"484\"><\/a><\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><a href=\"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/GAS-MIXTURES-AND-PSYCHROMETRICS-0010.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px\" title=\"GAS MIXTURES AND PSYCHROMETRICS-0010\" border=\"0\" alt=\"GAS MIXTURES AND PSYCHROMETRICS-0010\" src=\"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/GAS-MIXTURES-AND-PSYCHROMETRICS-0010_thumb.jpg\" width=\"260\" height=\"484\"><\/a> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\"><\/font><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Up to this point, we have limited our consideration to thermodynamic systems that involve a single pure substance such as water, refrigerant- 134a, or nitrogen. Many important thermodynamic applications, however, involve mixtures of several pure substances rather than a single pure substance. Therefore, it is important to develop an understanding of mixtures and learn how [&hellip;]<br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/gas-mixtures-and-psychrometricscomposition-of-a-gas-mixture-mass-and-mole-fractions\/\" class=\"more-link\" >Continue reading&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2560"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2560"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2560\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2561,"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2560\/revisions\/2561"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2560"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2560"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2560"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}