{"id":2369,"date":"2016-03-14T12:51:41","date_gmt":"2016-03-14T12:51:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/?p=2369"},"modified":"2016-03-14T12:51:41","modified_gmt":"2016-03-14T12:51:41","slug":"power-and-refriger-a-tion-cyclesthe-carnot-cycle-and-its-value-in-engineering","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/power-and-refriger-a-tion-cyclesthe-carnot-cycle-and-its-value-in-engineering\/","title":{"rendered":"POWER AND REFRIGER A TION CYCLES:THE CARNOT CYCLE AND ITS VALUE IN ENGINEERING"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"zflao6a0dcc5111b01\" ><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\tatOptions = {\n\t\t'key' : '61e5902552e2353963d8d2f1bd1f4a8f',\n\t\t'format' : 'iframe',\n\t\t'height' : 250,\n\t\t'width' : 300,\n\t\t'params' : {}\n\t};\n<\/script>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"\/\/www.highperformanceformat.com\/61e5902552e2353963d8d2f1bd1f4a8f\/invoke.js\"><\/script><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 1201px) {\r\n.zflao6a0dcc5111b01 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 993px) and (max-width: 1200px) {\r\n.zflao6a0dcc5111b01 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 992px) {\r\n.zflao6a0dcc5111b01 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 768px) {\r\n.zflao6a0dcc5111b01 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {\r\n.zflao6a0dcc5111b01 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">\u25a0 <b>TH<\/b><b>E CARNOT CYCLE AND<\/b><b> <\/b><b>IT<\/b><b>S VALUE IN ENGINEERING<\/b><\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\"><\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">The Carnot cycle is composed of four totally reversible processes: isothermal <\/font><font size=\"5\">heat addition, isentropic expansion, isothermal heat rejection, and isentropic compression. The <i>P-<\/i>\u03c5 and <i>T<\/i><i>&#8211;<\/i><i>s <\/i>diagrams of a Carnot cycle are replotted in Fig. 8\u20136. The Carnot cycle can be executed in a closed system (a piston-cylinder device) or a steady-flow system (utilizing two turbines and two compressors, as shown in Fig. 8\u20137), and either a gas or a vapor can be utilized as the work- ing fluid. The Carnot cycle is the most efficient cycle that can be executed be- tween a heat source at temperature <i>T<\/i><i>H <\/i>and a sink at temperature <i>T<\/i><i>L<\/i>, and its thermal efficiency is expressed as<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\"><a href=\"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/POWER-AND-REFRIGERATION-CYCLES-0297.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px\" title=\"POWER AND REFRIGERATION CYCLES-0297\" border=\"0\" alt=\"POWER AND REFRIGERATION CYCLES-0297\" src=\"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/POWER-AND-REFRIGERATION-CYCLES-0297_thumb.jpg\" width=\"169\" height=\"388\"><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/POWER-AND-REFRIGERATION-CYCLES-0298.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px\" title=\"POWER AND REFRIGERATION CYCLES-0298\" border=\"0\" alt=\"POWER AND REFRIGERATION CYCLES-0298\" src=\"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/POWER-AND-REFRIGERATION-CYCLES-0298_thumb.jpg\" width=\"234\" height=\"44\"><\/a><\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">Reversible isothermal heat transfer is very difficult to achieve in reality be<\/font><font size=\"5\">cause it would require very large heat exchangers and it would take a very long time (a power cycle in a typical engine is completed in a fraction of a <\/font><font size=\"5\">second). Therefore, it is not practical to build an engine that would operate on <i>T<\/i><i>H <\/i><\/font><font size=\"5\">a cycle that closely approximates the Carnot cycle.<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">The real value of the Carnot cycle comes from its being a standard against which the actual or the ideal cycles can be compared. The thermal efficiency <\/font><font size=\"5\">of the Carnot cycle is a function of the sink and source temperatures only, and <\/font><font size=\"5\">the thermal efficiency relation for the Carnot cycle (Eq. 8\u20132) conveys an important message that is equally applicable to both ideal and actual cycles: <i>Thermal efficiency increases with an increase in the average temperature at which heat is supplied to the system or with a decrease in the average temperature at which heat is rejected from the system.<\/i><\/font> <\/p><div class=\"nhaai6a0dcc5111d4a\" ><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\tatOptions = {\n\t\t'key' : '0c1eb4c533eaedb7b996f49a5a4983a9',\n\t\t'format' : 'iframe',\n\t\t'height' : 300,\n\t\t'width' : 160,\n\t\t'params' : {}\n\t};\n<\/script>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"\/\/www.highperformanceformat.com\/0c1eb4c533eaedb7b996f49a5a4983a9\/invoke.js\"><\/script><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 1201px) {\r\n.nhaai6a0dcc5111d4a {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 993px) and (max-width: 1200px) {\r\n.nhaai6a0dcc5111d4a {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 992px) {\r\n.nhaai6a0dcc5111d4a {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 768px) {\r\n.nhaai6a0dcc5111d4a {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {\r\n.nhaai6a0dcc5111d4a {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n<div class=\"varzu6a0dcc5111c37\" ><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0778475562755157\"\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\n<!-- 300x600 hydraulics-and-pneumatics -->\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:inline-block;width:300px;height:600px\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0778475562755157\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"3735577695\"><\/ins>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 1201px) {\r\n.varzu6a0dcc5111c37 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 993px) and (max-width: 1200px) {\r\n.varzu6a0dcc5111c37 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 992px) {\r\n.varzu6a0dcc5111c37 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 768px) {\r\n.varzu6a0dcc5111c37 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {\r\n.varzu6a0dcc5111c37 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">The source and sink temperatures that can be used in practice are not with- out limits, however. The highest temperature in the cycle is limited by the<\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\"><a href=\"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/POWER-AND-REFRIGERATION-CYCLES-0299.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px\" title=\"POWER AND REFRIGERATION CYCLES-0299\" border=\"0\" alt=\"POWER AND REFRIGERATION CYCLES-0299\" src=\"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/POWER-AND-REFRIGERATION-CYCLES-0299_thumb.jpg\" width=\"520\" height=\"192\"><\/a><\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">maximum temperature that the components of the heat engine, such as the piston or the turbine blades, can withstand. The lowest temperature is limited by the temperature of the cooling medium utilized in the cycle such as a lake, a river, or the atmospheric air.<\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\"><a href=\"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/POWER-AND-REFRIGERATION-CYCLES-0300.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px\" title=\"POWER AND REFRIGERATION CYCLES-0300\" border=\"0\" alt=\"POWER AND REFRIGERATION CYCLES-0300\" src=\"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/POWER-AND-REFRIGERATION-CYCLES-0300_thumb.jpg\" width=\"536\" height=\"271\"><\/a><\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\"><\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\"><\/font><\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u25a0 THE CARNOT CYCLE AND ITS VALUE IN ENGINEERING The Carnot cycle is composed of four totally reversible processes: isothermal heat addition, isentropic expansion, isothermal heat rejection, and isentropic compression. The P-\u03c5 and T&#8211;s diagrams of a Carnot cycle are replotted in Fig. 8\u20136. The Carnot cycle can be executed in a closed system (a [&hellip;]<br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/power-and-refriger-a-tion-cyclesthe-carnot-cycle-and-its-value-in-engineering\/\" class=\"more-link\" >Continue reading&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2369"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2369"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2369\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2370,"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2369\/revisions\/2370"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2369"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2369"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2369"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}