{"id":1865,"date":"2016-03-12T18:22:23","date_gmt":"2016-03-12T18:22:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/?p=1865"},"modified":"2016-03-12T18:22:23","modified_gmt":"2016-03-12T18:22:23","slug":"the-second-la-w-of-thermodynamicsthermal-energy-reservoirs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/the-second-la-w-of-thermodynamicsthermal-energy-reservoirs\/","title":{"rendered":"THE SECOND LA W OF THERMODYNAMICS:THERMAL ENERGY RESERVOIRS"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"atzqt6a0dbe5d1f31d\" ><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\tatOptions = {\n\t\t'key' : '61e5902552e2353963d8d2f1bd1f4a8f',\n\t\t'format' : 'iframe',\n\t\t'height' : 250,\n\t\t'width' : 300,\n\t\t'params' : {}\n\t};\n<\/script>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"\/\/www.highperformanceformat.com\/61e5902552e2353963d8d2f1bd1f4a8f\/invoke.js\"><\/script><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 1201px) {\r\n.atzqt6a0dbe5d1f31d {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 993px) and (max-width: 1200px) {\r\n.atzqt6a0dbe5d1f31d {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 992px) {\r\n.atzqt6a0dbe5d1f31d {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 768px) {\r\n.atzqt6a0dbe5d1f31d {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {\r\n.atzqt6a0dbe5d1f31d {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\"><b>THERMA<\/b><b>L ENERGY RESERVOIRS<\/b><\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">In the development of the second law of thermodynamics, it is very conve<\/font><font size=\"5\">nient to have a hypothetical body with a relatively large <i>thermal energy capacity <\/i>(mass X specific heat) that can supply or absorb finite amounts of heat without undergoing any change in temperature. Such a body is called a <b>thermal energy reservoir, <\/b>or just a reservoir. In practice, large bodies of water such as oceans, lakes, and rivers as well as the atmospheric air can be modeled accurately as thermal energy reservoirs because of their large thermal energy storage capabilities or thermal masses (Fig. 6\u20136). The <i>atmosphere, <\/i>for exam<\/font><font size=\"5\">ple, does not warm up as a result of heat losses from residential buildings <\/font><font size=\"5\">in winter. Likewise, megajoules of waste energy dumped in large rivers by power plants do not cause any significant change in water temperature.<\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">A <i>two-phase system <\/i>can be modeled as a reservoir also since it can absorb and release large quantities of heat while remaining at constant temperature. Another familiar example of a thermal energy reservoir is the <i>industrial fur- nace. <\/i>The temperatures of most furnaces are carefully controlled, and they are capable of supplying large quantities of thermal energy as heat in an essentially isothermal manner. Therefore, they can be modeled as reservoirs.<\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">A body does not actually have to be very large to be considered a reservoir. Any physical body whose thermal energy capacity is large relative to the amount of energy it supplies or absorbs can be modeled as one. The air in a room, for example, can be treated as a reservoir in the analysis of the heat dissipation from a TV set in the room, since the amount of heat transfer from the TV set to the room air is not large enough to have a noticeable effect on the room air temperature.<\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">A reservoir that supplies energy in the form of heat is called a <b>source, <\/b>and one that absorbs energy in the form of heat is called a <b>sink <\/b>(Fig. 6\u20137). Thermal energy reservoirs are often referred to as <b>heat reservoirs <\/b>since they supply or absorb energy in the form of heat.<\/font> <\/p><div class=\"lhaln6a0dbe5d1f512\" ><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\tatOptions = {\n\t\t'key' : '0c1eb4c533eaedb7b996f49a5a4983a9',\n\t\t'format' : 'iframe',\n\t\t'height' : 300,\n\t\t'width' : 160,\n\t\t'params' : {}\n\t};\n<\/script>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"\/\/www.highperformanceformat.com\/0c1eb4c533eaedb7b996f49a5a4983a9\/invoke.js\"><\/script><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 1201px) {\r\n.lhaln6a0dbe5d1f512 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 993px) and (max-width: 1200px) {\r\n.lhaln6a0dbe5d1f512 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 992px) {\r\n.lhaln6a0dbe5d1f512 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 768px) {\r\n.lhaln6a0dbe5d1f512 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {\r\n.lhaln6a0dbe5d1f512 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n<div class=\"vvcbu6a0dbe5d1f410\" ><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0778475562755157\"\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\n<!-- 300x600 hydraulics-and-pneumatics -->\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:inline-block;width:300px;height:600px\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0778475562755157\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"3735577695\"><\/ins>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 1201px) {\r\n.vvcbu6a0dbe5d1f410 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 993px) and (max-width: 1200px) {\r\n.vvcbu6a0dbe5d1f410 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 992px) {\r\n.vvcbu6a0dbe5d1f410 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 768px) {\r\n.vvcbu6a0dbe5d1f410 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {\r\n.vvcbu6a0dbe5d1f410 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">Heat transfer from industrial sources to the environment is of major concern to environmentalists as well as to engineers. Irresponsible management of <\/font><font size=\"5\">Bodies with relatively large thermal masses can be modeled as thermal <\/font><font size=\"5\">energy reservoirs.<\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">waste energy can significantly increase the temperature of portions of the environment, causing what is called <i>therma<\/i><i>l pollution. <\/i>If it is not carefully con- trolled, thermal pollution can seriously disrupt marine life in lakes and rivers. However, by careful design and management, the waste energy dumped into large bodies of water can be used to improve the quality of marine life by <\/font><font size=\"5\">keeping the local temperature increases within safe and desirable levels.<\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\"><a href=\"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/THE-SECOND-LAW-OF-THE-RMODYNAMICS-0074.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px\" title=\"THE SECOND LAW OF THE RMODYNAMICS-0074\" border=\"0\" alt=\"THE SECOND LAW OF THE RMODYNAMICS-0074\" src=\"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/THE-SECOND-LAW-OF-THE-RMODYNAMICS-0074_thumb.jpg\" width=\"145\" height=\"484\"><\/a><\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\"><\/font><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>THERMAL ENERGY RESERVOIRS In the development of the second law of thermodynamics, it is very convenient to have a hypothetical body with a relatively large thermal energy capacity (mass X specific heat) that can supply or absorb finite amounts of heat without undergoing any change in temperature. Such a body is called a thermal energy [&hellip;]<br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/the-second-la-w-of-thermodynamicsthermal-energy-reservoirs\/\" class=\"more-link\" >Continue reading&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1865"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1865"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1865\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1866,"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1865\/revisions\/1866"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1865"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1865"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1865"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}