{"id":1548,"date":"2016-03-09T18:03:17","date_gmt":"2016-03-09T18:03:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/?p=1548"},"modified":"2016-03-09T18:03:17","modified_gmt":"2016-03-09T18:03:17","slug":"summary-of-properties-of-pure-substances","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/summary-of-properties-of-pure-substances\/","title":{"rendered":"SUMMARY OF PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mbaoi6a0dbe718d430\" ><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\tatOptions = {\n\t\t'key' : '61e5902552e2353963d8d2f1bd1f4a8f',\n\t\t'format' : 'iframe',\n\t\t'height' : 250,\n\t\t'width' : 300,\n\t\t'params' : {}\n\t};\n<\/script>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"\/\/www.highperformanceformat.com\/61e5902552e2353963d8d2f1bd1f4a8f\/invoke.js\"><\/script><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 1201px) {\r\n.mbaoi6a0dbe718d430 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 993px) and (max-width: 1200px) {\r\n.mbaoi6a0dbe718d430 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 992px) {\r\n.mbaoi6a0dbe718d430 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 768px) {\r\n.mbaoi6a0dbe718d430 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {\r\n.mbaoi6a0dbe718d430 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n<h5 align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\"><font style=\"font-weight: bold\">SUMMARY<\/font><\/font><\/h5>\n<h5 align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">A substance that has a fixed chemical composition throughout is called a <i>pure substance<\/i>. A pure substance exists in different phases depending on its energy level. In the liquid phase, a substance that is not about to vaporize is called a <i>compressed <\/i>or <i>subcooled liquid<\/i>. In the gas phase, a substance that is not about to condense is called a <i>superheated vapor<\/i>. During a phase-change process, the temperature and pressure of a pure substance are dependent properties. At a given pressure, a substance changes phase at a fixed temperature, called the <i>saturation temperature<\/i>. Likewise, at a given temperature, the pressure at which a substance changes phase is called the <i>saturation pressure<\/i>. During a boiling process, both the liquid and the vapor phases coexist in equilibrium, and under this condition the liquid is called <i>saturated liquid <\/i>and the vapor <i>saturated vapor<\/i>.<\/font><\/h5>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">In a saturated liquid\u2013vapor mixture, the mass fraction of vapor is called the <i>quality <\/i>and is expressed as<\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\"><a href=\"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/PROPERTIES-OF-PURE-SUBSTANCES-0191.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px\" title=\"PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES-0191\" border=\"0\" alt=\"PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES-0191\" src=\"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/PROPERTIES-OF-PURE-SUBSTANCES-0191_thumb.jpg\" width=\"90\" height=\"47\"><\/a><\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">Quality may have values between 0 (saturated liquid) and 1 (saturated vapor). It has no meaning in the compressed liquid or superheated vapor regions. In the saturated mixture region, the average value of any intensive property <i>y <\/i>is determined from<\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\"><a href=\"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/PROPERTIES-OF-PURE-SUBSTANCES-0192.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px\" title=\"PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES-0192\" border=\"0\" alt=\"PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES-0192\" src=\"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/PROPERTIES-OF-PURE-SUBSTANCES-0192_thumb.jpg\" width=\"95\" height=\"27\"><\/a><\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\"><i><\/i><\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">where <i>f <\/i>stands for saturated liquid and <i>g <\/i>for saturated vapor. In the absence of compressed liquid data, a general approximation is to treat a compressed liquid as a saturated liquid at <font size=\"5\">the given <i>temperature,<\/i><\/font><\/font><\/p><div class=\"dhatc6a0dbe718d695\" ><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\tatOptions = {\n\t\t'key' : '0c1eb4c533eaedb7b996f49a5a4983a9',\n\t\t'format' : 'iframe',\n\t\t'height' : 300,\n\t\t'width' : 160,\n\t\t'params' : {}\n\t};\n<\/script>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"\/\/www.highperformanceformat.com\/0c1eb4c533eaedb7b996f49a5a4983a9\/invoke.js\"><\/script><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 1201px) {\r\n.dhatc6a0dbe718d695 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 993px) and (max-width: 1200px) {\r\n.dhatc6a0dbe718d695 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 992px) {\r\n.dhatc6a0dbe718d695 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 768px) {\r\n.dhatc6a0dbe718d695 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {\r\n.dhatc6a0dbe718d695 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n<div class=\"rspvt6a0dbe718d553\" ><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-0778475562755157\"\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\n<!-- 300x600 hydraulics-and-pneumatics -->\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\n     style=\"display:inline-block;width:300px;height:600px\"\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-0778475562755157\"\n     data-ad-slot=\"3735577695\"><\/ins>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 1201px) {\r\n.rspvt6a0dbe718d553 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 993px) and (max-width: 1200px) {\r\n.rspvt6a0dbe718d553 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 992px) {\r\n.rspvt6a0dbe718d553 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 768px) {\r\n.rspvt6a0dbe718d553 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {\r\n.rspvt6a0dbe718d553 {\r\ndisplay: block;\r\n}\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\"><a href=\"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/PROPERTIES-OF-PURE-SUBSTANCES-0193.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px\" title=\"PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES-0193\" border=\"0\" alt=\"PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES-0193\" src=\"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/PROPERTIES-OF-PURE-SUBSTANCES-0193_thumb.jpg\" width=\"52\" height=\"20\"><\/a><\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">where <i>y <\/i>stands for u, <i>u<\/i>, or <i>h<\/i>.<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">The state beyond which there is no distinct vaporization process is called the <i>critical point<\/i>. At supercritical pressures, a substance gradually and uniformly expands from the liquid to vapor phase. All three phases of a substance coexist in equilibrium at states along the <i>triple line <\/i>characterized by triple-line temperature and pressure. The compressed liquid has lower u, <i>u<\/i>, and <i>h <\/i>values than the saturated liquid at the same <i>T <\/i>or <i>P<\/i>. Likewise, superheated vapor has higher u, <i>u<\/i>, and <i>h <\/i>values than the saturated vapor at the same <i>T <\/i>or <i>P<\/i>.<\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">Any relation among the pressure, temperature, and specific volume of a substance is called an <i>equation of state<\/i>. The simplest and best-known equation of state is the <i>ideal-gas equation of state, <\/i>given as<\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\"><a href=\"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/PROPERTIES-OF-PURE-SUBSTANCES-0194.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px\" title=\"PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES-0194\" border=\"0\" alt=\"PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES-0194\" src=\"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/PROPERTIES-OF-PURE-SUBSTANCES-0194_thumb.jpg\" width=\"77\" height=\"23\"><\/a><\/font> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"5\">where <i>R <\/i>is the gas constant. Caution should be exercised in using this relation since an ideal gas is a fictitious substance.<\/font><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>SUMMARY A substance that has a fixed chemical composition throughout is called a pure substance. A pure substance exists in different phases depending on its energy level. In the liquid phase, a substance that is not about to vaporize is called a compressed or subcooled liquid. In the gas phase, a substance that is not [&hellip;]<br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/summary-of-properties-of-pure-substances\/\" class=\"more-link\" >Continue reading&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1548"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1548"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1548\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1549,"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1548\/revisions\/1549"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1548"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1548"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/machineryequipmentonline.com\/hydraulics-and-pneumatics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1548"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}